Abstract
The main goal of the present work is to remove phenol and parachlorophenol from synthetic solution using granular activated carbon (GAC). Two carbon types are used, the first is commercial supplied to Iraqi market by Spanish company (referred to as CGAC) and the second is manufactured using Iraqi waste material, referred to as MGAC. The experiments are performed according to batch and continuous mode (granular activated carbon adsorption column). The results show that both pollutants can be removed and the breakthrough and exhaustion times are proportional with the thickness of GAC and inversely proportional with the inlet pollutants concentration and surface over flow rate (SOR). The results also indicated that adsorption capacity is inversely proportional with SOR and it is directly proportional with the thickness of GAC column and pollutants concentration. MGAC gives better performance as compared with CGAC. In the present work, it is proved that adsorption capacity is a function of the operating conditions, carbon and adsorbent type and it is not pure carbon property. The results indicated also that Langmuir model fit the experimental data fairly.References
Crawford HB, Cline G. Water treatment plant design. American Society of Civil Engineers. American water Works Association. McGraw- Hill Inc. New York 1990; 457.
Besselievre EB, Schwartz M. The treatment of industrial wastes. McGraw–Hill kogakusha Ltd. Tokyo Japan 1976; 151-226.
Hameed BH, Rahman AA. Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto activated carbon prepared from biomass material. J of Hazardous Materials 2008; 160: 576- 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.028
WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. 3rd edition 2004; 1: Geneva.
Daifullah AA, Girgis BS. Removal of some substituted phenols by activated carbon obtained from agricultural waste. Water Research 1998; 32(4): 1169-1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00310-2
Mukherjee S, Kumar S. Misra AK. Fan M. Removal of phenols from water environment by activated carbon, bagasse ash and wood charcoal. Chemical Engineering Journal 2007; 129: 133-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2006.10.030
Beker U, Ganbold B. Dertli H. Gülbayir DD. Adsorption of phenol by activated carbon: Influence of activation methods and solution pH. Energy Conversion and Management 2010; 51: 235-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2009.08.035
Al-Qaysi IA. Using granular activated carbon for the removal of phenol, parachlorophenol and benzene from Baiji Oil Refineries wastewater. MSc Thesis College of Engineering. Tikrit University 2010.
Al-Ani MY. Al-Baldawi MF. The effectiveness of using single and dual media filtration. Proceeding 4th Scientific Conference SRC 1986.
Latif IH. Activated carbon as a combined filtration and adsorption medium in water treatment. PhD Thesis University of Birmingham 1990.
Al-Ani FH. An Investigation into the use of locally produced granular activated carbon in treatment of water supplies. PhD Thesis University of Technology 1998.
Al-Najjar QA. Study of the fasibility of using local Iraqi ninvite rock in treating drinking water. MSc Thesis University of Mousil 2000.
Thiel P, Zappia L, Franzmann P, Warton B, Alessandrino M, Heitz A, Nolan P, Scott D, Hiller B, Masters D. Activated carbon VS. anthracite as primary dual media filters- pilot plant study, 69th Annual water industry engineers and operators Conference. Bendigo Exhibition Centre 2006; 5-7 September.
Al-Rawi SM, Shihab AS, Ameen AZ. Behavior assessment of various filters configuration in removing water low turbidity: A statistical treatment. Al-Rafidain Engineering 2007; 15(1): 72- 83.
Al-Rawi SM. Introducing sand filter capping for turbidity removal for potable water treatment plants of Mosul/Iraq. Int J of Water Resour and Enviro Engin 2009; 1: 1.
Babu BV, Gupta S. Modeling and simulation for dynamics of packed bed adsorption. Chemical Conference. Mumbai 2004.
Ebrahim SE. Evaluation of heterogeneous adsorbents bed for the removal of organic materials from water. PhD Thesis. University of Baghdad 2008; 4-39.
Alhamed YA. Adsorption kinetics and performance of packed bed adsorber for phenol removal using activated carbon from dates. stones J of Hazardous Materials 2009; 170: 763-770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.002
Termoul M, Bestani B, Benderdouche N, Belhakem M, Naffrechoux E. Removal of phenol and 4-chlorophenol by chemically activated olive stones. Adsorption Science Technology 2006; 24: 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026361706779849780
Wa’adalla K. Removal of multi-pollutant from wastewater by adsorption method. PhD Thesis university of Baghdad 2006; 3-122.
Lua AC, Jia Q. Adsorption of phenol by oil–palm-shell activated carbons in a fixed bed. Chemical Engineering Journal 2009; 150: 455-461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.01.034
Gupta A, Nanoti O, Goswami AN. The removalof furfural from water y adsorption with polymeric resin. Separation Science and Technology 2001; 36(13): 2835-2844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/SS-100107632
Hsieh C-T, Teng H. Liquid-phase adsorption of phenol onto activated carbons prepared with different activation levels. J of Colloid and Interface Science 2000; 230: 171-175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2000.7052
Jung MW, Ahn KH, Lee Y, Kim KP, Rhee JS, Park JT, Paeng KJ. Adsorption characteristics of phenol and chlorophenols on granular activated carbons (GAC). Microchemical J 2001; 70: 123-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0026-265X(01)00109-6
Fierro V, Torne´-Ferna´ndez V, Montane D, Celzard A. Adsorption of phenol onto activated carbons having different textural and surface properties. Micro porous and mesoporous Materials 2008; 111: 276-284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.08.002
Park KH, Balathanigaimani MS, Shim WG, Lee JW, Moon H. Adsorption characteristics of phenol on novel corn grainbased activated carbons. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 2010; 127: 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2009.06.032
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2015 Muzher Mahdi Ibrahem Aldoury, Nadia Nazhat Sabeeh