Abstract
All regions in Syria have witnessed a decline in green spaces due to the spread of illegal logging operations and a decline in interest in agricultural wealth due to the need for construction with the growing population during the past decade. In addition to the burning and destruction of many of them due to the war actions that took place during the period of the Syrian crisis, a war that affected the urban, architectural, and human fabric of the city alike, Damascus lacks sufficient green spaces compared to the cement blocks and its external facades considering global climate change. This unjust urban expansion, accompanied by the impact of the fires caused by the war, damaged humans and environment, extending from the heart of the city to its countryside and contributing to the erosion of its Ghouta in particular, the lung and living breath of Damascus, According to what we observe today, the dominance of the cement mass in the city plan of Damascus, with the lack of balance between it and the green space of gardens, public spaces, and public places.
References
Salim O, Hamad M, Zakirya al’abd R, Abul Saood Y. Uses of BIM in green architecture [استخدامات بيم فى العمارة الخضراء ]. UK: Noor Library; 2018, pp. 1-83. Available from: https://www.noor-book.com/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-Green-BIM-pdf
Al-khiami O, Soufan H. The magic of Damascus. Damascus, Syria: Amuru Creative Publishers; 2023. Available from: https://www.scribd.com/document/694735217/THE-MAGIC-OF-DAMASCUS (Accessed on18 February 2024).
Jouhina magazine. Green spaces... sound the alarm...! [جهينةمجلة:المساحات الخضراء.. تدق ناقوس الخطر]. Available from: http://www.jouhina.com/article.php?id=2626
Ali MK. Ghouta of Damascus [غوطة دمشق]. Damascus: Al-Taraqi Press 2019; [مطبعة الترقي], pp. 1-302. Available from: https://www.noor-book.com/en/ebook-Ghu%CC%84t%CC%A3at-Dimashq-pdf
Zanati AM. Wonders of Countries through the Manuscript: Kharida Al-Ajaib and Farida Al-Gharaib by Siraj Al-Din Ibn Al-Wardi [عجائب البلدان من خلال مخطوط : خريدة العجائب وفريدة الغرائب لسراج الدين ابن الوردي]. Cairo, Egypt: Ain-Shams University; (691 AH = 1291 AD / 861 AH = 1457 AD).
Wirth E. An orchard in the Ghuta of Damascus. Syrian Heritage Archive. Available at: https://syrian-heritage.org/an-orchard-in-the-ghuta-of-damascus/ (Accessed: 18 February 2024).
Rahnama A, Dombois L. The Ghuta, the former Paradise Belt around Damascus. Syrian Heritage Archive 2010. Available from: https://syrian-heritage.org/the-ghuta-the-former-paradise-belt-around-damascus/ (Accessed: 18 February 2024).
Al-Bahnsi A. Imran Al-Fayhaa: A Study on the formation of the city of Damascus [عمران الفيحاء ؛ دراسة في تكوين مدينة دمشق]. Dar Al-Fikr; 2002, pp. 329. Available from: https://books4arab.me/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86/
Twain M. The innocents abroad. New York: Reader’s Digest; 1990. Available from: https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/innocents-abroad
Jusailan L. The identity of the city. Twenty-Two Magazine 2020; 86(1): 7-16. Available from: http://www.mediafire.com/file/yk6fyunqucgstmh/Issue_86_-_High_Fidelity.pdf/file
Al-Mahdi M, Al-Din OA, Al-Baili A, Al-Saghir R. Use of drawings and geometric shapes in the evaluation of urban identity use “venn diagrams” in evaluation the expected of urban identity of the scheme proposed of the maspero triangle, Cairo, Egypt [استعمال المخططات والأشكال الهندسية في تقويم الهوية العمرانية (استخدام مخططات فن VENN في تقويم الهوية العمرانية المتوقعة للمخطط المقترح لمنطقة مثلث ماسبيرو بالقاهرة-مصر)]. Arab Am Uni J Res. 2020; 6(1): 72-89.
Lotfi Fouad L. The Urban History Of Damascus Between 1373-923 AH / 1516-1918 AD - A Study In The Urban History Of The City Of Damascus. [بحث في التأريخ العمراني لمدينة دمشق: التاريخ العمراني لدمشق بين923-1373هـ/1516-1918م.]. Ministry of Culture 2011; [وزارة الثقافة], pp. 688. Available from: https://www.noor-book.com/en/book/review/386292
Architectural [المعمارية]. Initiative To Rebuild Destroyed Cities: The essential role of artificial intelligence in the current post-war reconstruction [الدور الأساسي للذكاء الاصطناعي في إعادة الإعمار الحالية بعد الحرب-مبادرة إعادة بناء المدن المدمرة]. May 9, 2020. Available from: https://arch-news.net/%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9/%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a9/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%a7/ (Accessed on 18 February 2024).
Ahmed BHB, Al-Suwaidani AM. Policies for the reconstruction of cities in the period after conflicts and wars [سياسات إعادة أعمار المدن في فترة ما بعد النزاعات والحروب]. J Al-Azhar Uni Eng Sec. 2017; 12(44): 1183-97. https://doi.org/10.21608/AUEJ.2017.19196
Majeed Muhammad A. Post-war reconstruction: studying the impact of non-urban dimensions on reconstruction programs (Thesis) [إعادة الإعمار بعد الحرب : دراسة أثر الأبعاد غير العمرانية على برامج إعادة الإعمار], Cairo Univeristy; 2012.
Musa H, Shok ME. The role of urban memory in reviving the place (Al-Rasheed street is a case study). Iraqi J Archit Plan. 2022; 21(1): 90-105. https://doi.org/10.36041/iqjap.2022.174281
Montgomery J. Making a city: Urbanity, vitality and urban design. J Urban Des. 1998; 3(1): 93-116. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809808724418
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 Eleonora Laurini, Kindah Mousli, Sedrah Alayoubi