Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
The radiant floor cooling system, as a thermally activated building system, has attracted significant attention as it can save energy consumption and shift the building load. However, due to its characteristic that building thermal mass has a significant influence on the system performance and indoor environment, the control strategies should be seriously accounted for. Moreover, its performance is highly related to the shift condition of cooling load during the daytime and different weather conditions, therefore, realistic operation will cause the increments of peak load if the control strategy is neglected. This study presented two common strategies including intermittent operation and weatherforecast-based control strategies. The radiant floor cooling system combined with displacement ventilation system in a typical office building located in Jinan was established using the TRNSYS program. The results showed that the energy consumption decreased by 3.3% to 7.5% when the different intermittent operation strategies were applied. The weatherforecast- based control strategy can improve indoor thermal environment by increasing/deceasing the water supply flow rate by up to 25% in advance. This study concluded that the application of intermittent operation and weather-forecast based control strategies can regulate the operation of radiant floor system and reduce the building energy use.References
Liu J, Heidarinejad M, Gracik S, Srebric J. The impact of exterior surface convective heat transfer coefficients on the building energy consumption in urban neighborhoods with different plan area densities. Energy Build 2015; 86: 449-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.10.062
Liu J, Heidarinejad M, Pitchurov G, Zhang L, Srebric J. An extensive comparison of modified zero-equation, standard k- ε, and LES models in predicting urban airflow. Sust Cities Soc 2018; 40: 28-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.03.010
Gracik S, Heidarinejad M, Liu J, Srebric J. Effect of urban neighborhoods on the performance of building cooling systems. Build Environ 2015; 90: 15-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.037
Heidarinejad M, Gracik S, Sadeghipour Roudsari M, Khoshdel Nikkho S, Liu J, Liu K, Pitchorov G, Srebric J. Influence of building surface solar irradiance on environmental temperatures in urban neighborhoods. Sust Cities Soc 2016; 26: 186-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2016.06.011
Srebric J, Heidarinejad M, Liu J. Building neighborhood emerging properties and their impacts on multi-scale modeling of building energy and airflows. Build Environ 2015; 91: 246-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.031
Khoshdel Nikkho S, Heidarinejad M, Liu J, Srebric J. Quantifying the impact of urban wind sheltering on the building energy consumption. Appl Therm Eng 2017; 116: 850-865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.01.044
Liu J, Heidarinejad M, Guo M, Srebric J. Numerical Evaluation of the Local Weather Data Impacts on Cooling Energy Use of Buildings in an Urban Area. Procedia Engineering 2015; 121: 381-388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.1082
Zhang W, Zhang L, Cui P, Gao Y, Liu J, Yu M. The influence of groundwater seepage on the performance of ground source heat pump system with energy pile. Appl Therm Eng 2019; 162: 114217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114217
Kong X-R, Deng Y, Li L, Gong W-S, Cao S-J. Experimental and numerical study on the thermal performance of ground source heat pump with a set of designed buried pipes. Appl Therm Eng 2017; 114: 110-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.11.176
Villarino JI, Villarino A, Fernández FÁ. Experimental and modelling analysis of an office building HVAC system based in a ground-coupled heat pump and radiant floor. Applied Energy 2017; 190: 1020-1028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.152
Navarro L, de Gracia A, Colclough S, Browne M, McCormack SJ, Griffiths P, Cabeza LF. Thermal energy storage in building integrated thermal systems: A review. Part 1. active storage systems. Renewable Energy 2016; 88: 526-547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.11.040
Ito K, Inthavong K, Kurabuchi T, Ueda T, Endo T, Omori T, Ono H, Kato S, Sakai K, Suwa Y. CFD benchmark tests for indoor environmental problems: Part 4 air-conditioning airflows, residential kitchen airflows and fire-induced flow. International Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology 2015; 2(1): 76-102. https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-9821.2015.02.01.4
Verbeke S, Audenaert A. Thermal inertia in buildings: A review of impacts across climate and building use. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2018; 82: 2300-2318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.08.083
Zhang L, Liu J, Heidarinejad M, Kim MK, Srebric J. A Two- Dimensional Numerical Analysis for Thermal Performance of an Intermittently Operated Radiant Floor Heating System in a Transient External Climatic Condition. Heat Transf Eng 2019; 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/01457632.2019.1576422
Roach P. Reducing the Cooling Energy of Existing Commercial Buildings with Passive Thermal Mass. International Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology 2017; 4(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-9821.2017.04.01.1
Liu J, Dalgo DA, Zhu S, Li H, Zhang L, Srebric J. Performance analysis of a ductless personalized ventilation combined with radiant floor cooling system and displacement ventilation. Build Simul 2019; 12(5): 905-919. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-019-0521-9
Kim MK, Liu J, Cao S-J. Energy analysis of a hybrid radiant cooling system under hot and humid climates: A case study at Shanghai in China. Build Environ 2018; 137: 208-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.04.006
Shin MS, Rhee KN, Ryu SR, Yeo MS, Kim KW. Design of radiant floor heating panel in view of floor surface temperatures. Building and Environment 2015; 92: 559-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.05.006
Liu J, Zhao Y, Li Z, Zhu S, Zhang L, Srebric J. Numerical evaluation of a Ductless Personalized Ventilation (DPV) combined with a radiant HVAC system: thermal comfort. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019; 609: 042031. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/609/4/042031
Wu X, Olesen BW, Fang L, Zhao J, Wang F. Indoor temperatures for calculating room heat loss and heating capacity of radiant heating systems combined with mechanical ventilation systems. Energy Build 2016; 112: 141-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.12.005
Zhang L, Huang X, Liang L, Liu J. Experimental study on heating characteristics and control strategies of ground source heat pump and radiant floor heating system in an office building, Procedia Engineering 2017; 205: 4060-4066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.890
Ito K, Inthavong K, Kurabuchi T, Ueda T, Endo T, Omori T, Ono H, Kato S, Sakai K, Suwa Y. CFD benchmark tests for indoor environmental problems: Part 2 cross-ventilation airflows and floor heating systems. International Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology 2015; 2(1): 23-49. https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-9821.2015.02.01.2
Ning B, Schiavon S, Bauman FS. A novel classification scheme for design and control of radiant system based on thermal response time. Energy Build 2017; 137: 38-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.12.013
Sourbron M, De Herdt R, Van Reet T, Van Passel W, Baelmans M, Helsen L. Efficiently produced heat and cold is squandered by inappropriate control strategies: A case study. Energy and Buildings 2009; 41(10): 1091-1098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.05.015
Lehmann B, Dorer V, Gwerder M, Renggli F, Tödtli J. Thermally activated building systems (TABS): Energy efficiency as a function of control strategy, hydronic circuit topology and (cold) generation system. Applied Energy 2011; 88(1): 180-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.08.010
Cen C, Jia Y, Liu K, Geng R. Experimental comparison of thermal comfort during cooling with a fan coil system and radiant floor system at varying space heights. Building and Environment 2018; 141: 71-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.05.057
Romaní J, de Gracia A, Cabeza LF. Simulation and control of thermally activated building systems (TABS). Energy Build 2016; 127: 22-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.05.057
Zhao K, Liu X-H, Jiang Y. Application of radiant floor cooling in large space buildings – A review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2016; 55: 1083-1096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.028
Rhee K-N, Kim KW. A 50 year review of basic and applied research in radiant heating and cooling systems for the built environment. Build Environ 2015; 91: 166-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.03.040
Shin M-S, Rhee K-N, Jung G-J. Optimal heating start and stop control based on the inferred occupancy schedule in a household with radiant floor heating system. Energy Build. 2020; 209: 109737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.109737
Lim J-H, Jo J-H, Kim Y-Y, Yeo M-S, Kim K-W. Application of the control methods for radiant floor cooling system in residential buildings. Build Environ 2006; 41(1): 60-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.01.019
Rhee K-N, Olesen BW, Kim KW. Ten questions about radiant heating and cooling systems. Build Environ 2017; 112: 367-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.11.030
Liu J, Xie X, Qin F, Song S, Lv D. A case study of ground source direct cooling system integrated with water storage tank system. Build Simul 2016; 9(6): 659-668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-016-0297-0
Zhang L, Li H, Liu J, Kim MK, Zhang L. Simulation and control of radiant floor cooling systems: intermittent operation and weather-forecast-based predictive controls. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019; 609: 062006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/609/6/062006
Liu J, Li Z, Kim MK, Zhu S, Zhang L, Srebric J. A comparison of the thermal comfort performances of a radiation floor cooling system when combined with a range of ventilation systems. Indoor Built Environ 2019; 1420326X19869412. https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X19869412
Liu J, Zhu S, Kim MK, Srebric J. A Review of CFD Analysis Methods for Personalized Ventilation (PV) in Indoor Built Environments. Sustainability 2019; 11(15): 4166. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154166
Shrivastava RL, Vinod K, Untawale SP. Modeling and simulation of solar water heater: A TRNSYS perspective. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2017; 67: 126-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.005
De Carli M, Tonon M. Effect of modelling solar radiation on the cooling performance of radiant floors. Solar Energy 2011; 85(5): 689-712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2010.12.012
Pantelic J, Schiavon S, Ning B, Burdakis E, Raftery P, Bauman F. Full scale laboratory experiment on the cooling capacity of a radiant floor system. Energy and Buildings 2018; 170: 134-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.03.002
Oubenmoh S, Allouhi A, Ait Mssad A, Saadani R, Kousksou T, Rahmoune M, Bentaleb M. Some particular design considerations for optimum utilization of under floor heating systems. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 2018; 12: 423-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2018.05.010
Cho SH, Zaheer-Uddin M. Predictive control of intermittently operated radiant floor heating systems. Energy Conv Manag 2003; 44(8): 1333-1342. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(02)00116-4
Macarthur JW, Mathur A, Zhao J. On-Line Recursive Estimation for Load Profile Prediction. ASHRAE Trans 1989; 26(1).
Petersen S, Svendsen S. Method for simulating predictive control of building systems operation in the early stages of building design. Appl Energy 2011; 88(12): 4597-4606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.05.053
Kawashima M, Dorgan CE, Mitchell JW. Hourly thermal load prediction for the next 24 hours by ARIMA, EWMA, LR and an artificial neural network. ASHRAE Trans 1995; 101(1): 186-200.
Wang D, Liu Y, Wang Y, Liu J. Numerical and experimental analysis of floor heat storage and release during an intermittent in-slab floor heating process. Applied Thermal Engineering 2014; 62(2): 398-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.09.028
Jin HW. Study on Energy Saving from Intermittent Operation of Air-Conditioning System. Applied Mechanics and Materials 2014; 672-674: 542-545. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.672-674.542
Li Q-Q, Chen C, Zhang Y, Lin J, Ling H-S, Ma Y. Analytical solution for heat transfer in a multilayer floor of a radiant floor system. Building Simulation 2014; 7(3): 207-216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-013-0152-5
All the published articles are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (CC BY-NC 4.0) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.