Keywords
Equality
Ideology
Freedom
Pluralism
Participation
Political power
Architectural competitions
How to Cite
Abstract
As its most prominent financier and employer, architecture is closely related to religious, political, and economic power. According to Lefebvre, representation spaces are established to permanently represent politics and ideology and their transmission to new generations. The democratic attitude of the political power will only change the perception known with the representation spaces. Therefore, this study deals with the example of Paris, which was indicated as the capital of the freedom movements initiated in the 1960s, to demonstrate how the relationship between political power and ideology with architecture transformed under the influence of democracy and freedom movements. For this purpose, political ideology between 1960-90 formed in the De Gaulle period and reached the highest level in the Mitterrand time, attracting the entire world's attention, and its relationship with architecture is investigated.
Democratic, pluralistic, participatory, and transparent approaches in politics brought architectural competitions to the agenda by seeking transparency, pluralism, and participation in the production method of architecture above all. These architectural competitions were organized for Paris to reflect the ideological perspective. The crucial result of the libertarian perspectives concerning the city is the importance of publicity as a factor containing the shared spaces of people. The important results concerning the field of architecture are the support of the formation of new ideas, the production of buildings that are the leading symbols of new movements, and providing equality of opportunity for architects.
References
Althusser L. İdeoloji ve devletin ideolojik aygıtları. (ideology and ideological state apparatuses) vol. 1995. İstanbul: İthaki Publications; 2019.
Gurallar Yeşilkaya N. İdeoloji mimarlık ilişkisi ve Türkiye’de halkevi binaları 1932-1946 [The relationship between ideology and architecture and public house buildings in Turkey 1932-1946] (Master Thesis). Gazi University Institute of Science and Technology, 1997.
Lefebvre H. Mekanın uretimi [the production of space]. 5th ed. İstanbul: Sel Publications; 2014.
Foucault F. Hapishanenin Doğuşu. Ankara: İmge Bookstore Publishing; 1992.
Eyüce Ö İ. Erk ve mimarlık ilişkileri ve Izmir’de mimarlık. Relations between ideology, power and architecture and architecture in Izmir. Ideology, Power and Architecture Symposium Proceedings, İzmir; 1996, p. 94-103.
Dener A, Hangi İ, Kimin E. Ya acılı arabesk? [Which ideology, whose power, what about painful arabesque?]. Ideology, Power and Architecture Symposium Proceedings, İzmir; 1996, p. 94-103.
Gülsen Ö. New brütalizm ilkeleri açısından pompidou kültür merkezi’ne bir bakış [An overview of the pompidou cultural center in terms of the principles of new brutalism]. Ideology, Power and Architecture Symposium Proceedings, İzmir: 1996, p. 135-46.
Tümer G, İdeoloji. Erk ve mimarlık (ideology, power and architecture). Ideology, Power and Architecture Symposium Proceedings, İzmir: 1996, p. 261-8.
Çıvgın İ, Yardımcı R. Çağdaş dünya tarihi [Contemporary world history]. Ankara: Eğiten Publications; 2011.
Castells M. The city and the grassroots: the cross-culturel theory of urban social movements. University of California Press; 1983.
Seidman M. The imaginary revolution, Parisian Students and Workers in 1968. New York: Berghahn Books; 2004. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1x76fq7
Laclau EE. Kimlik ve ozgürleşme [Universality, identity and liberation]. 4th ed. İstanbul : Birikim Publications; 2015.
Lipstadt H. The experimental tradition: essays on competitions in architecture. New York: Princeton Architectural Press; 1989.
Strong J. Winning by design: architectural competitions. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1996.
Bergdoll B. Competing in the academy and the marketplace: European architecture competitions. New York: Princeton Architectural Press; 1989.
Cabanieu J. Competitions and architectural excellence. Places. 1994; 9: 40-1.
Kreiner K, Jacobsen PH, Jensen DT. Dialogues and the problems of knowing: Reinventing the architectural competition. Scand J Manag. 2011; 27: 160-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scaman.2010.12.003
Larson MS. Architectural competitions as discursive events. Theory Soc. 1994; 23: 469-504. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00992825
Goldberger P. In Paris, a face lift in grand style. The New York Times. May 17, 1987.
Winterbourne E. Architecture and the politics of culture in Mitterand’s France. Archit Des. 1995; 3: 24-9.
Ümit Ş. Distribution of projects to Paris 2022.
Haan H, Haagsma I. Architects in competition international architectural competitions of the last 200 years. London: Thames and Hudson; 1988.
Richard Rogers, Renzo Piano. Arkitectuel, Pompidou Center 2022.
Biasini EJ. Les grands projets: an overview. RSAJ. 1991; 139: 561-70.
Doğan H. D’Orsay station- D’Orsay museum. 2022.
Reberioux M, Jenger J. Orsay, de la gare au musee. Architecture d’Aujourd’hui. 1986: 10-2. https://doi.org/10.2307/3778416
Sirel A, Sirel O. İlham veren binalar ve mimari yarışma oyküleri [Inspiring buildings and architectural competition stories]. İstanbul: İstanbul Aydın University Publications; 2021.
Arab World Institute. Ateliers Jean Nouvel, Architecture Studio. https://archello.com/project/arab-world-institute (accessed on March 19, 2022).
Andreu P, Lion R. L’Arche de La Défense: a case study. RSA J. 1991; 139: 571-80.
Kevin A. 2022 Guide to Arc de Triomphe: Tickets, Deals, & Tips. March 23 2022. https://blog.waug.com/arc-de-triomphe-tickets/ (accessed April 19, 2022).
Pinterest. The historical axis of Paris n.d. https://www.pinterest.it/pin/141441244534333087/ (accessed on March 20, 2022).
von Spreckelsen JO, Andreu P, Reitzel E, Rice P. Grande Arche de la Defense. Monument 1989.
Lenne L. The premises of the event. are architectural competitions incubators for events? FormAkademisk - Forskningstidsskrift for Design Og Designdidaktikk 2013; 6(4): 1-27. https://doi.org/10.7577/formakademisk.758
Ayers A. The architecture of Paris: an architectural guide. Kornwestheim: Druckhaus Munster; 2004.
Chemetov P, Huidobro B. The Ministry of the Economy, Finances and Industry. Paris, France: Architectuul.
Paris Walkers. The Ministry of Economics and Finance. Bercy, Paris.
Britannica. Place de la Bastille. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bastille (accessed on March 20, 2022).
Ott CA. Bastille Opera House. 1989; Paris, France.
Dominique Perrault Architecture. National library of France. June 1989, https://www.perraultarchitecture.com/en/projects/2465-national_library_of_france.html (accessed April 20, 202).
Sahtiyancı E. National Library of France, inner court. Paris: 2022.
Kaan K. Les grands projets/paris, france/seminar book. Delft: Chair of Complex Projects; 2019.
Lavillette.com. History & heritage: A few key dates. https://en.lavillette.com/page/history-heritage_a175/1. (accessed on March 20, 2022).
Lipstadt H. Design award/competitions: Three competitions for Paris. Archit Rec. 1984: 64-9.
Villette Park, Follies. Paris: 2022.
CNC. Villette park 2019. https://www.cnc.fr/jeu-video/actualites/un-espace-jeu-video-permanent-ouvre-a-la-cite-des-sciences-et-de-lindustrie_924855. (accessed onApril 20, 2022).
Waldheim C. Açık uçlu kentleşme. Karaçizmeli EB 2009.
ArcDaily. AD classics: parc de la villette / bernard tschumi architects. https://www.archdaily.com/92321/ad-classics-parc-de-la-villette-bernard-tschumi. (accessed on April 20, 2022).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2022 Elif Sahtiyanci, Nazan Kirci